How you would attempt to keep a business from suffering a similar Essay

How you would attempt to keep a business from suffering a similar attack - Essay Example Key words Packet attack; juveniles; distributed denial of service (DDoS) What was Learned There is a lot that I have learned from the attack on grc.com. First of all, this attack was carried out by a 13 year old! He mentioned that together with his friends, he decided to attack the website following a â€Å"disparaging† remark that was made by the website in its newsgroup. Let me go back to my point. The logic here is not whether the attack was carried out by a group or an individual, but that a 13 year old was at the mastermind of the attack and even bragged about it. What I learned from this is that â€Å"internet terrorism† is no longer a preserve of college students or people aged 16 and above (as previously thought). Maybe the 13 year old kid and his friends are very good at computers, but that is also beside the point. The fact that they took time to learn how to design and launch packet attacks is very worrying indeed and must be looked into. Overall, what I lear ned from this is that there is a new breed of hackers in town. These new breed is aggressive, smart and, surprisingly, unapologetic. This calls for a revision of cyber terrorism combat strategies and techniques. What is also clear from the attack is that law enforcement agencies and authorities are not only ill-prepared but also poorly augmented to deal with the new class of hackers. For instance, the author reveals that when he approached the FBI after establishing that the individual who masterminded the attack was a 13 year old, he was met with the following responses: a) Until the damages done amounted to $5,000, no crime had been committed. That is the law. b) Even if the damages done amounted to $5,000 and a crime was deemed to have been committed, their staffs were not only swamped but also overloaded with cases concerning firms that had incurred huge monetary losses caused by internet/cyber crime. c) Considering that the chief suspect was just 13 years old, there was not muc h that could be done to him, even if the amount of evidence confirmed that the attacks were planned and orchestrated by him. The most that could happen was a chat between some agents and his parents at his place of residence. In essence, his youth gave him an impenetrable armor. This was a major discouragement of the costs likely to be incurred from any kind of investigation. These points prove my earlier assertion that law enforcement authorities and agencies (in this case the FBI) are not only ill-equipped but also poorly augmented to fight cybercrime that is perpetrated by juveniles. How I would Attempt to keep a Business from Suffering a similar Attack I would institute a number of effective measures to combat attacks similar to the one that was directed at grc.com. These measures include the following: Developing effective commands that will counter the possibility of suffering a similar attack. This will work by helping businesses verify that their systems are not infected by any of the existing IRC Zombie/Bots. Since all the IRC Zombie/Bots usually trigger and maintain static links to remote IRC chat servers anytime the host computer is connected to the internet (Yang & Wanlei 22). An active link/connection can be detected using the following command; netstat –an | find â€Å":6667†. Detection will pave way for termination. Encouraging businesses and firms to perform regular tests and checks that allow them to detect and consequently terminate harmful connections. Since IRC

The Definition Of Supportive Leadership Management Essay

The Definition Of Supportive Leadership Management Essay INTRODUCTION Leadership is defined as a process of influencing people to accomplish the mission, inspiring their commitment, and improving the organisation ( www.mindef.gov.sg 4/12/09 ). As defined leadership is a continuous process it is a chain of influencing and achieving. Moreover leadership is basically depends on the behavior of a leader, it means the way leader handles the group it can be charismatic leadership where followers are truly depend on the leader with high vision, participative leadership where followers are allowed to take part in group discussions and they participate in the final decision, directive leadership where leader is strict with his rules and give directions, supportive leadership where leader consider followers problems and grievances or reward and punishment leadership where reward or punishment is given on the basis of final task results. In this assignment the main objective is to come up with my own leadership style and to show how effective it is in terms of handling change. Also the important aspect of this assignment is to show the factors which help the change to get the tag of effective change. SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP The leadership style I use to follow is Supportive leadership because according to me the followers are as important as task. The goals can only be achieve with the help of followers if followers are facing any problem either in their personal life or under organization roof the affect of that problem can be clearly measured from their task results. Moreover I use self made theory in my leadership which is Get addict an achieve , according to this a person can achieve any thing but the conditions is that the person must be addicted to it. If followers are facing any grievances they can not be addicted towards achievement. Supportive leader in my way does not only mean handling grievances of followers but I call myself supportive leader because I plan my tactics towards achieving a goal according to the followers ability and skills moreover according to their willingness and motivation towards work. Supportive leadership is It leads people: It doesnt drive them. It involves them: It d oesnt coerce them. It never loses sight of the most important principle governing any project involving human beings: namely, that people are more important than things, ( Kriyananda, www.crystalclarity.com 4/12/09 ). Supportive leadership is working along with followers guiding them helping them instead of working ahead of them. Human beings are most important aspect of this type of leadership. According to me this leadership can be done effectively if leaders treat followers as one who work with him rather work for him. Being the basket ball captain for two consecutive years I applied my leadership style and maintained a team. My basket ball team called Descent Killerz was one of the most conflicted team. Being the youngest in the team I learned a lot about my team members , the team was on loosing streak and the main problem of the team was conflicts between team members. The coach of the team had tried all his best efforts to improve the team and reduce the conflicts but he was failed. I was youngest in the team and new member as well, my friendly nature helped me making friendship with all of the players of my team. My understanding ability made me the favourite in the team members, ignoring my problem of unable to make dunks, the team let me play for them. Sooner I was appointed as a captain of the team only because of my supportive nature and supportive leadership behavior. I was the one who solved the conflicts of the team as every player was frank with me and use to share his problem which helped me to understand the main problem of conflicts which was a poor formation. Players were playing in a poo r formation which was disturbing them, some of the times defenders were used in attack which was uncomfortable for the players. I had a talk about this with my coach and he changed the formation according to the abilities of the players which eliminated the conflicts between the team players and I achieved a team with decency and named it Descent Killerz. My style of leadership i.e. supportive leadership was proved efficient at that time. And according to me this type of leadership behavior always come up with efficiency in achieving the goals. TYPES OF SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS Showing concern for followers need : A supportive leader should concern the needs of followers and then try to fulfil them for increasing the efficiency of the followers. Being considerate and understanding : Understanding the problems of followers and them try to eliminate them makes the supportive leadership in action. Showing trust and respect : As supportive leader works with followers so the main responsibility of such leader is to respect his followers and trust them. ( www.skagitwatershed.org 4/12/09 ) Being friendly informative, and encouraging : Supportive leader should be friendly with his followers and try to provide as information as he can to make the employees efficient and most importantly he should always encourage his followers towards achievement of goals. Being sympathetic to others problems : Supportive leaders should be sympathetic toward the problems of followers if they are not serious towards the problems of their followers they will not share their problems with the leader then. Helping followers develop abilities and careers : Supportive leaders are the one who help the followers to improve their abilities and advise them toward a good career. SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT ENHANCES SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP FOLLOWERS CHARACTERISTICS : Low self confidence Low self esteem Insecurity Expectations that leader will be supportive High growth need TASK CHARACTERISTICS Dissatisfying Stressful Highly structured Requires creativity Requires learning ORGANIZATIONAL GROUP CHARACTERISTICS External conflict Newly formed group Cohesive group with shared beliefs in leader Formal plans, goals procedures Mission emphasizing human services Authoritarian superior SITUATIONAL FACTORS THAT NEUTRALIZE SUPPORTIVE LEADERSHIP Dogmatic Followers Large Size of Group High Level Job Broad Task Scope FACTORS OF MANAGING CHANGE IN AN ORGANIZATION : The factors that contribute to effectiveness of leadership in relation to managing change in an organization are as follow : Followers support : if a change is supported by the followers it makes an easy task for a leader to manage that change. For example if change is less absenteeism and followers are supporting this change by reducing their number of leaves. Followers understanding : one of the most important thing is understanding . If followers are understanding the change it becomes easy for followers to follow the change. Moreover an understandable change becomes more easy for a leader to manage. Followers trust : followers who trust their leaders will always trust any change made by their leader. As an organization is made on trust between people it is one of the most important thing. As trust-able leaders are always welcome by followers so does their changes Situation : the situational factor can help a leader to manage a change easily as the change always depends on the situation it is arrived on. For example if employees were feeling a hectic schedule and them leader come up with change in timings and breaking the schedule with certain breaks, this type of change depends on the situation. Rules : if a change comes as a rule of company it becomes too easy for a leader to manage it as it is compulsory to follow it. For example if company comes as change in rules for not allowing smoking in premises it becomes compulsory to be follow by followers without an argue. Acceptance : If change is accepted by the followers it is easy to manage it. For example if the change is in timings of lunch and followers accept it then there is no need to worry about managing that change by a leader. Expectations : if the change is according to the expectations of the employees then there is no need to manage that change. For examples staff was demanding 15 days vacations in the time of Christmas and new year and company agrees on it then their will be no need to mange such a change. Superiors support : if the change created by a leader is supported by its superior then it become less hectic for leader to manage it. But if superiors are against the change then it is difficult for leader to mange it. For example if leader says that every body should be their in office by 8.30 in the morning and its superior comes at 10 am it becomes difficult for him to handle. Feedback : the most important aspect of managing is feedback as it comes as a report card to the manager for his performance and if the result is not good it indicates that there is need for better management. CONCLUSION In conclusion it can be said that how effective is the supportive leadership is. Supportive leadership not only help followers to work efficiently but it also provides bundles of knowledge to the leader as supportive leadership behavior helps leader to interact with each and every of his follower. Supportive leadership can be used mostly but it can be non-effective where the number of followers are many, as a leader can not create personal relations with huge number of followers. In the assignment I shared my own personal experience with this type of leadership and for me this leadership behavior was a huge success.

Essay --

â€Å"I will start my essay after I finish this level in this game,† is what I said nearly three hours ago. It has been a whole mess from then on: one level turned into two, then a few more, followed by a few YouTube videos and some online chatting. To say, it in simple words, I procrastinated. Procrastination is only the action of delaying or postponing something. Everyone procrastinates. People procrastinate because they do not want to do a certain task, or because they have too many other things to do. Doing things at the last moment causes chaos and stress. Like all other problems, procrastination leaves over its side effects, which include missed opportunities, frantic work hours, stress, overwhelm, resentment, and some remorse. Procrastination is a complex problem, but can be reduced by various methods like self-awareness, motivation, proper time management, etc. Some say that the procrastination occurs because of laziness. However, the behavior pattern of procrastination can be prompted in many ways, so people usually will not procrastinate for the same reason. Sometimes they pro... Essay -- â€Å"I will start my essay after I finish this level in this game,† is what I said nearly three hours ago. It has been a whole mess from then on: one level turned into two, then a few more, followed by a few YouTube videos and some online chatting. To say, it in simple words, I procrastinated. Procrastination is only the action of delaying or postponing something. Everyone procrastinates. People procrastinate because they do not want to do a certain task, or because they have too many other things to do. Doing things at the last moment causes chaos and stress. Like all other problems, procrastination leaves over its side effects, which include missed opportunities, frantic work hours, stress, overwhelm, resentment, and some remorse. Procrastination is a complex problem, but can be reduced by various methods like self-awareness, motivation, proper time management, etc. Some say that the procrastination occurs because of laziness. However, the behavior pattern of procrastination can be prompted in many ways, so people usually will not procrastinate for the same reason. Sometimes they pro...

Ethical Awareness Essay

Ethics could be defined as the moral philosophy, which tackles the concepts of right and wrong. In the field of philosophy, ethics is concerned in the defending and recommending of one’s behavior. Meanwhile, in the case of organizations, ethics enables an organization member to come up with sound and mature decisions. Ethical awareness, meanwhile, is a vital factor in the success and the relation of members within the organization—or the society as a whole. On the other hand, ethical awareness inventory refers â€Å"to a series of broad characterizations representing four prominent categories of ethical philosophy. † This practically helps in the analysis of an individual’s perspective on ethics, according to the answers given to the set of questions that need to be answered. The Combined Score would most likely reflect the individual’s perspective on ethics in general. The results that my test gained showed obligation is the greatest consideration I think of when talking about ethics. It mainly involves, perhaps, my preference of those individuals who value responsibilities with emphasis on taking actions based on ethical principles. In dealing with other people, for instance, Obligation is the main factor I look into for an action or individual to be considered ethical. It means that if a person duly respond to his/her duties and responsibilities which, of course, for the greatest good, it means being ethical for me. Meanwhile, the least consideration I have, based on the results in Equity. It means that I do not consider â€Å"equality† as synonymous to being ethical. Perhaps, it is because Equality is not just easy to achieve since â€Å"some are more equal than others†, as a popular author puts it. In a society where stratification is very much evident, equality can never be a main factor for me for an individual or action to be considered ethical. The results are mainly affected of the brand of education experience I had through the years. The utilization of alternative learning strategies for ethical awareness have helped me develop or think of plans that would incorporate ethics into other aspects of the organization. Emphasis could be given to â€Å"active-learning† approaches. The challenge in using â€Å"active-learning† for the facilitator is to cope with the susceptibility of each individual to ignore the importance of doing such. The active kind of learning is mainly comprised of five steps: †¢ Discovery of the predicament or problem within the organization; †¢ Identification of the possible tools and resources that would help in finding solutions for the problems; †¢ Examination or scrutiny of the alternative strategies that could be helpful in solving the problems; †¢ Implementation of the specific solution that was chosen; †¢ Reflection on the solution that was implemented, assessment of the consequences of the solution or the outcome. The issue on ethical awareness is usually taken for granted by some individual. In reality, ethical awareness is one of the greatest and most crucial factors that would determine the success or downfall of a society. Ethical awareness means fulfilling one’s duties and obligations in order to contribute to the general growth of the society Collective effort is much needed for the development of a society, and without ethical awareness inferred from the individual within, there could never be an assurance that a society would develop. Aside from the benefits of ethics awareness in the sum of the society, it would also benefit each individual as it would provide them maturity, self-disclosure, and self-realization, among others.

African Americans Essay

In the beginning of 20-th century African Americans were already free from slavery, but their rights differed significantly with the rights of â€Å"white† people. Politics of segregation was still in place, and African Americans, especially in Southern states, were forced to live in separate parts of cities. Special institutions like schools, churches, cemeteries, even special transport units existed for the African American part of the population to separate â€Å"blacks† and â€Å"whites†. Needless to say, these special organizations and units for the African Americans were of low quality. African Americans lacked good education and though were forced to work as unqualified personnel. Political activity for the African American was a dream. But between the African American people some activists appeared that called upon peaceful improvement of their status and establishment of equality of the races. A number of public organizations appeared that were objected to attain the equal rights for the African Americans, among them were even educational organizations like the institute of Booker Washington. 2. USA entered the conflict in the Korean peninsula with the intention to lead the UN forces and to give support to the South Korea armies in confrontation with the Northern aggressors. United States could not let the communists in Korea win shortly after the communists’ victory in China, and tried to keep this sphere of influence on the events in the Far East. In the third phase of the war, general Douglas MacArthur strived for the complete destruction of North Korea troops and insisted on the â€Å"total war† with the communists of China and Korea even to the extents of nuclear bombing. These ideas weren’t welcomed by the President Truman and were the cause of MacArthur’s resignation. After the Korean War the â€Å"cold war† had spread from the Far East into the other regions. USA had expanded their military presence in Europe and in the Middle East; also the politics of neutrality in the Indo-China became obsolete. Military-industrial complex of the United States rapidly recovered from the recession that followed the World War II 3. Eighteenth century was the time of revolutionary changes in almost every aspect of life. Ideas of the Age of Enlightenment claimed the universal equality, and women started to understand that they may possess an active position in social life. This tendency reached the point of culmination at the end of the century, when the Declaration of the Rights of Women was created in 1791 by Olympe De Gouges during the times of the Great French Revolution. This declaration demanded for women equal rights in the family, the rights of active and passive voting, right of possession, right for education and right to take up any posts. Declaration was the embodiment of ideas of feminism that were born in the beginning of 18-th century, and appeared to be the starting point for the active movements for the equal rights of women in the future. 4. Philadelphia System was based on the idea that the prisoner, left alone with his thoughts, with God and the Holy Bible as the only book for reading, would aspire to his inner perfection and inevitably reaches remorse for his deeds. â€Å"Philadelphian† prisoners were kept in solitude and silence. They had to wear masks while leaving their cells, no entertainments and relations with other prisoners were allowed, and work was a reward for the good behavior of the prisoner. This type of keeping the prisoners was very expensive; moreover, silence, solitude and forced idleness often caused insanity, flatness of mind or suicidal tendencies among the imprisoned. So the Auburn System was developed to change the situation. According to this system, criminal should be reformed by regular obligatory work, accuracy and discipline. During the day prisoners work in general workrooms with the only short breaks for the rest and walk, and for the night they are separately locked in one-man cells. Several hours in a week are for education. In an early Auburn System prisoners were prohibited to speak on the penalty of corporal punishment, but later on they were allowed to socialize during the rest. This system is more psychologically comfortablew for the prisoners, and is not such a heavy financial load for the government, as the Philadelphia System is.

Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia

Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia Introduction The concept of beauty has been known to differ amongst nations and one community’s idea of beauty may not necessarily be the same for another. This difference in perceptions is what makes human life as intriguing as it is. With regard to beauty, most of the differences that are exhibited from community to community are as a result of the variances in cultures.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Tjale and De Villers, culture comprises of a system of shared ideas, concepts, rules and meaning that shapes peoples way of life and it stipulates how the society should experience and view the world and relate to it (31). The people of the Middle East and Saudi Arabia in particular exhibit especially interesting concepts of beauty. These perceptions of beauty are as a result of Saudi Arabian citizen’s cultural and religious way of life which plays a primary role in the country’s affairs. While there is no universally acceptable standard of beauty, beauty pageants try to come evaluate people on a standard that is acceptable to the local community. These being the case, Saudi Arabian beauty contests offer us a glimpse at the perception of beauty in the Middle East. This paper shall set out to analysis issues of beauty in the Middle East and in particular Saudi Arabia. The principles that govern the perceptions of beauty shall be discussed and examples given to reinforce the claims made. Beauty Pageants and Saudi Arabia In modern day society, beauty pageants are used to rate the beauty in females. These pageants consist of a number of contestants and judges who evaluate the relative beauty of the participants based on some preconceived standards of beauty. From this evaluations, one of the participants is crowned as the â€Å"most beautiful† or ‘most handsome†. The motivation be hind beauty pageants are probably from views expressed by proponents of beauty pageants such as Paglia who affirms that we should not have to apologize for reveling in beauty as beauty is an eternal human value (qtd in Lawson and Ross 1). These pageants therefore involve the public parading of the members of the society who are perceived to be the most beautiful. Most of the contests proceed to reward this particular people for their outstanding beauty. It is therefore clear from this that pageants reveal a particular societies notion of beauty. Pageants do not have a traditional history in Saudi Arabia and as such, they are more as a result of influences from the international community than any other single factor. This is because from generation to generation, cultural practices are bound to change as time and environment influences manifest themselves in the lives of the people in the society.Advertising Looking for article on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, the pageants witnessed in Saudi Arabia borrow heavily from the western ones in terms of judges and there being set standards from which the overall champion will be chosen. However, despite the beauty pageants being primarily a â€Å"foreign† concept, they still maintain some aspects which make them resound with Saudi Principles. Animal Beauty Contests Despite its vast wealth mostly obtained from its oil reserves and the high levels of industrialization, Saudi Arabia has for many years resisted the pressures of the western cultures and it was not until the 2000s that the first beauty pageant was held in Saudi Arabia. This pageant was not the typical western pageants characterized by a parade of beautiful girls adorned in trendy clothes and exquisite jewelry; the pageants contestants were animals. While this may sound like an anomaly, it is well in line with the regions conservative nature and refrain of beauty contests. A report by Othman on Islamic perceptions of beauty pageants elucidates the view with which most Saudi Arabians view contemporary beauty pageants as showcased in most westernized countries. According to the report, most Muslims did not condone beauty contests which they regarded as exploitative to women and reduce them as sexual objects.† However, a contest involving animals is acceptable and actually in line with the country’s traditions. A report by Hammond for Reuters indicates that animal contests, and camel beauty pageants in particular are very popular in Saudi Arabia. The camel beauty contest attracts hundreds of camel owners and thousand of spectators and it is the biggest of its kind in the world (Borthwick). These contests include all the components that you would expect in a typical beauty contest; judges, participants and a crowd to cheer them on. The organizers of such pageants indicate that the pageant is in reverence to the camel which i s a legacy symbol for the desert tribes. Owing to the fact that Saudi Arabia is situated in a desert region, the tradition communities who resided in the region were mostly nomads and camels were a most essential part of their lives. It is these creatures that provided the means for transportation over the vast expanses of the desert owing to their ability to go for days without water or food. However, the contests are not entirely run for sentimental purposes and there are huge monetary attachments to the events. The contests are also used to generate cash for their respective investors much like a typical beauty contest made up of women would anywhere else in the world. Hammond confirms that camels are big business and delicate females at the show could sell for a million riyals.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Beauty Concepts in Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to the sale of the animal s, Prizes of up to 14 million Euros have been said to be issued out to the winners of the particular categories in which the camels are placed (the observer). These huge monetary incentives have invariably led to a commercialization of the contests and wealthy businessmen have been said to invest heavily in the festivals because of the high returns promised. Saudi Arabia’s Miss Beautiful Morals For all its conservativeness, Saudi Arabia has its own version of a female beauty contest. Considering the great lengths that the country goes to ensure the segregation of men and women, a beauty contest is a remarkable undertaking for the country. A law that proposed a ban on male from womens apparel stores highlights the strict nature of the laws in Saudi Arabia (Abu-Nasr). As such, a beauty pageant that inevitably involves a mixed audience observing the various participants is a groundbreaking event in the country. However, this contest is unlike any other. To begin with, the contes t is duped Miss Beautiful Morals setting the virtuous tone that the contest adopts (Central). The standards for these unique Saudi contests are worlds apart from those that a typical beauty contest uses. Without a doubt, most beauty contests lay more emphasis on physical factors such as youthfulness and body proportionality as can be surmised from the reveling cloths and seductive manner in which the contestants act as they display their bodies on the catwalks. A report by the Los Angeles Times reveals that as opposed to adorning backless evening gowns and swimsuits, the 200 contestants that participated in the 2009 Saudi Arabia contest were draped in a black robe with a headscarf as is fitting of a decent Muslim girl. The aim of the contest as articulated by one of the organizers was to gauge the commitment of the participants to the Islamic morals. The contest which ran over a number of weeks involved the contestants being supervised by a panel of female judges who made inquiries as to their devotion to their parents and their following of the teachings of Islam. The founder of the contests asserted that the contests were self-styled to be an absolute opposite of â€Å"the decadence in other beauty contests that only take into account a womans body and looks (Abu-Nasr). This demonstrates the strict and religious culture adopted by the Saudi Arabians.Advertising Looking for article on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The contests emphasis on the obedience to parents also highlights the gravity with which respect for one’s parents especially by girls is held. The concept of the pageants is embraced by the participants and a former winner indicates that the joy is not so much as in winning the contests as in obeying ones parents. (Abu-Nasr). Discussion of Beauty Perceptions in the Saudi Community The Saudi Arabian society is primarily made up of Muslims who have a very strong traditional attachment to their religion. Their faith dictates the socially acceptable code of conduct for the people and on this basis, the western perception of beauty as is advanced through beauty pageants has been viewed as highly immoral and degrading to the woman. It is for this reason that the contests in the Middle East show a greater inclination to personality than to the aesthetic attributes of a woman. Dr Ahmed, a reporter with Islam on line indicated that the morally appealing contests were aimed at showing that beauty has nothing to do with nudity and obscenity. This is the exact message that the Middle East beauty pageants were trying to sell to the Muslim faithful in particular and the society at large. The pageants in Saudi Arabia are in high contrast to the Western shows as a result of the religious basis of Saudi Arabia. The Muslim beauty contests are especially strict and a contestant is not supposed to reveal any awrah which is the parts of the body which should not be exposed in front of others. (Ahmed). This suggest that to the Middle East communities, beauty is not simple a matter of being pretty but in fact goes far deeper to include character and a respect for the religion. Khadra Mubarak, the founder of the contests in Saudi Arabia reinforces this perception of beauty in the region by stating that the idea of the pageant is to measure the contestants commitment to Islamic morals he goes on to indicate that the pageant number one will not necessarily be a pretty face for the judges and by extension the community cares about the beauty of the soul and the morals† (LA-Times) Western beauty standards can be and in fact have been used as the basis for excluding minority races from the dominant images of beauty. This is especially the case in 201th century America where the concepts of beauty as advanced by Hollywood were used to infer racial superiority of the white to the blacks. With such undertones in mind, perhaps one can hail the Middle Eastern views of beauty as more progressive since they have more do to with personality that ones physical attributes However, opponents of the contents still insist that inasmuch as the Middle East pageants demonstrate the difference in perception of beauty in Saudi Arabia, the very fact that the community has embraced this western idea is an indication that the society’s views of beauty are more inline with western perceptions than the Saudi Arabian community is willing to admit. While this is a mere speculation, as it currently stands, the Saudi concepts of beauty remain worlds apart from those of most of the Western world. Conclusion This paper set out to highlight the unique concepts of beauty in the Middle East and with particular reference to the situation in Saudi Arabia. To fulfill this, a critical look at beauty pageants which highlight a particular society or culture’s standards on beauty has been taken. From this paper, it is clear that the beauty contests of Saudi Arabia are miles apart from those in Westernized Countries. Of particular significance is the importance that the people of Saudi Arabia attach to their camels as can be demonstrated by the beauty contests held in their honor. These contests highlight the desire by the Saudi Arabian community to preserve their heritage even in the face of enormous pressures from the western cultures mostly through the media. The Middle East goes contrary to the common wisdom expressed by most scholars who infer that as the prosperity of a nation increases, its greater wealth allows people to consume more leisure goods like pageantry (Lawson and Ross 6). In this region, the cultural and religious compass of the people is the driving force to their definition of beauty and while the people of Saudi Arabia have the capability to increase their cosmetic appearance, their deep religious and cultural values prevent them from undertaking this vain measures. As such, the animal contests continue to play a significant role in the social calendar of the Saudi Arabian population. Ahmen, Damir. â€Å"Brains not Body Criteria for Tatarstan Miss Muslim.† 21 January 2006. Web. islamonline.net/English/News/2006-01/21/article02.shtml Abu-Nasr, Donna. Here She Comes: Saudis Miss Beautiful Morals. 6 May 2009. Web. breitbart.com/article.php?id=D980U07G0show_article=1 Abu-Nasr, Donna. â€Å"Saudi Women Train to Sell Lingerie.† 24 June 2009. Web. huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/24/lingerie-sales-in-saudi-a _n_220174.html Borthwick, Malcolm. â€Å"How do you Judge a Camel Beauty Contest?† 10 Feb 2010. Web. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8506946.stm Hammond, Andrew. â€Å"Saudi Tribe Holds Camel Beauty Pageant.† 25 April 2007. Web. reuters.com/article/idUSKUA74812720070427. Huffington Post. â€Å"Saudi Beauty Pageant: Miss Beautiful Morals.† 5 June 2009. Web. huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/06/saudi-beauty-pageant-miss_n_198103.html Lawson, Robert and Ross, Justin. â€Å"Economic Freedom and Beauty Pageant Success in the World.† Atlantic Economic Journal 33(4): 485-486. 2005. Los Angeles Times. â€Å"Saudi Arabia: An inner-beauty Pageant.† 7 May 2009. Web. Othman, Norani. â€Å"Islam and the State in Malaysia: A Problem of Democratization and Pluralism.† 2000 Web. asef.org/go/subsite/ccd/documents/othman.pdf The Observers. â€Å"Saudi Arabias Miss Camel Contestants Accused of Fame Seeking.† 19 Feb 2010. Web. Tjale, Adele and De Villiers, Louise. à ¢â‚¬Å"Cultural Issues in Health and Health Care: A Resource Book for Southern Africa.† Juta and Company Ltd, 2004. Print.

Cold War Ideologies essays

Cold War Ideologies essays There are three main schools of thought that trace the origins of the Cold War. The Orthodox view is that the intransigence of Leninist ideology, the sinister dynamics of a totalitarian society, and the madness of Stalin (Doc 1) cause the Cold War. The Revisionists claim that American policy offered the Russians no real choice...[and] the United States used or deployed its preponderance of power (Doc 2) and these actions caused the Cold War. The Post-Revisionist position is that the Cold War was initiated both by the United States and the USSR. Through the analysis of documents and other sources, the actual cause of the war lies with both powers. Both powers caused the Cold War because, although the US and the USSR were allied during World War Two, the USSR and US had different ideologies and aims of the war that conflicted after the war was over and the threat that each power imposed on the other. The primary cause of the Cold War is the exceedingly bipolar systems of government that the USSR and the US were administered under. The US had a democracy and had, in April of 1945, just said farewell to one of the most liberal presidents that ever had been elected. By making many social reforms, President Roosevelt pulled the US out of the crippling depression and into on of the most prosperous decades ever. The aims of the US are evident in the Atlantic Charter, which was signed by Churchill and Roosevelt in August of 1914. According to the Charter, the US would seek no aggrandizement.... respect the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live.... bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations.... [and seek] the abandonment of the use of force (Doc 4). While still early in the war, the Atlantic Charter was later adopted by the United Nations and remains, to this day, one of the cornerstones of the western world. H...