Hector and Helen Essay

The characters in homer’s Iliad have from time to time afforded a first class battleground for scholars and students alike. Through parallels, contrasts, and counter positioning of characters and actions, the principle characters have been analyzed and objectified as embodiments of certain ideals permeating the Greek society. Helen, like Klytaimestra, Pandora, Medea and Phaedra; has been portrayed as the exemplar of the females sub-ordination to the irrational – particularly sex (Thorton. 84). In her, the destructive specter of a mind dominated by passion and compulsive pleasure endangers men: the defenders of the ideals of the polis. Here, the threat posed by Helen is two pronged, that is: the irresistible allure of her beauty and the mind confusing fire of sexual lust she ignites; on the other hand, the violation of her marriage to Menelaus by Alexandros precipitates a war which degenerates into a tragic contest for honor and glory. In this essay, the relationship between Helen and Hector will be analyzed with reference the themes outlined above. In the Iliad, Hector is the bulwark of Trojan defense. He is the only thing which stands between the Achaians and victory. Besides Achilles, all the other warriors doubt if they can stop him (Il. 15. 639-63. 7; Il. 10. 47-52; Il. 7. 112-114). But Hector’s tragedy is that he is destroyed fighting a war he does not believe in. When he harangues Alexandros for scampering away from Menelaus (Il. 3. 35-55), he not only reveals his disaffection with Paris quarrel, but betrays the fact that to him, the war is about honor and duty – the Achaians maybe rightly-grieved, but it’s his lot to uphold his honor by defending the city (Il. 3. 43-45; Il. 3. 56. 57; Il. 6. 265-280). Equally telling are the evocative epithets he employs to describe Alexandros: Evil Paris, beautiful, woman-crazy, cajoling, better had you never been borne or killed unwedded†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to your father a big sorrow, and your city and all your people to your self a thing shameful, but bringing joy to the enemy. (Il. 3. 35-50) Clearly, it’s no exaggeration to say that Hector views Helen’s marriage to Alexandros as a source of trouble, and a union driven by blind lust. In fact, the impropriety of Helens marriage and the precariousness of her situation are known to all. Priam has to remind her that she is not to blame (Il. 3. 165-170) and Helen knows that her behavior is indefensible: Helen shining among women †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and I wish bitter death had been what I wanted, when I came hither following your son, forsaking my chamber, my kinsmen, my grown child, and the loveliness of the girls my own age†¦slut that I am. (Il. 3. 170-180)†¦ Indeed, it can be said that Helen is a good example of how sexual attractiveness confers on the loved one an obsessive value to the detriment of all other obligations. This, it must be added is Hectors opinion of Paris. Another interesting contrast should be pointed out here: that to the Trojans, Helen is to blame; but to Hector, the blame lies squarely on Paris. A critical look of Helen’s speech at the funeral Hector suggests this much (Il. 24. 765-770). The falsity of Helens marriage, or rather, the inconstancy of Helens emotions is shown, when we are told that after Iris had informed her that her fate was to be decided in a duel between Paris and Menelaus: â€Å"the goddess left in her heart sweet longing after her husband of time before and her city and her parents (Il. 3. 138-140). † Here, Helens irrational nature is in full display. Her sexual appetite veers constantly: one minute she is longing for her husband of time before (Menelaus), the next moment she is making love to Paris in his bed chamber (its true that they are all under the influence of Aphrodite, but Aphrodite is merely the embodiment of the irresistible force of sexual excitement). Meanwhile, the women of Troy are up and about, all frantic with fear, some are assembling for prayers at the temple of the grey-eyed Athene; others have gathered around Hector, when he lives the battle field, to ask after husband, brothers and neighbors; and the Achaians are dangerously close to the city wall (Il.  Book 6). Helen and Paris, it appears, are immune to these concerns. This scene reinforces the theme of the distraction of the masculine mind when sexual appetite is given free reign. Paris it appears is neglecting his obligation to defend the polis. Hector talks of him thus in front of Hecuba: †¦while I go in search of Paris, to call him, if he will listen to anything I tell him. How I wish at this moment the earth might open beneath him. The Olympian let him live, a great sorrow to the Trojans, and high-hearted Priam, and all his children. If only I could see him gone down to the house of the Death God†¦ (Il. 6. 280-284) Again Hector shows the same disgust at Paris when he finds him resting in his house with Helen (Il. 6. 326-330). That Helen’s aberrant sexuality is the cause of the ruckus is further reinforced in her meeting with Hector at Paris House. Helen calls herself â€Å"a nasty-bitch evil-intriguing. † The evocation of bitch imagery is important here. â€Å"Dogs are the domestic beasts most intimate with human life, capable of loyal service. But they also represent unbridled appetite, particularly the female that mates frequently and indiscriminately (Thornton, 82); hence the word denotes a shamelessness resulting from failure to control ones sexual appetite. Interestingly, Helen voices her thirst for a better man, who knows the bounds of propriety in front of Hector (Il. 6. 350-354). We can only surmise that she still has Menelaus in mind. Again the contrast between Hector and Paris is drawn starkly in this episode: Hector rejects Helens entreaties and is eager to assume his rightful role as a defender of the city while Paris has to be persuaded to rejoin the fray (Il.  6. 354-363). Another episode of interest elaborates the contrast between Andromache, the embodiment of a perfect wife, and Helen. Andromache appears in the epics most endearing scenes. The tender exchange between Andromache and hector reveals to us the importance marriage and the household had to the wife, the qualities of a good wife, and the place she has in her husband heart. We learn that she is a good house wife, prays for her husband, worries constantly about his fate, loves her child and is completely dependent on her husband. Andromache voices her dependence on Hector thus: â€Å"Hector you are father to me, and my honored mother, you are my brother and you it is who are my young husband (Il. 6. 429-431)† her life, it can be said, is inextricably intertwined with his, and her whole identity is predicated on her status as wife and mother. At the same time, hector love and concern for his wife is patently obvious. In a brief moment of prophetic insight, he contemplates the fall of Troy, the death of his family and the fate of Andromache. In this episode, Hector is moved, not by the future grief of his mother, father and brothers, but by the fate of Andromache as a miserable slave. This episode reinforces my previous argument that Hectors tragedy is the conflict between his desire for Heroic honor and glory and his role as the protector of Troy and his family. This desire for honor and glory, which is somehow linked to his pride (Hector’s hubris is explored in this sections: Il. 8. 535-541; Il. 13. 824-832; Il. 18. 293-309) is what prevents him from liquidating a war which he knows in unjust. In his last soliloquy, Hector admits this much (Il. 22. 95-120). In short, it can be said that the war was precipitated by the recklessness of two ill-starred lovers, who failed to reign in their sexual passions. According to the customs, the violation of Menelaus marriage by Paris imposed on him and his kinsmen a duty to avenge his honor – which, we are told was the destruction and pillage of Troy. At the time, the ideals of Honor demanded a display of fighting spirit on the part of the Trojans. All this themes are explored repeatedly in the relationship between hector and Helen.

Whats in a Name?

George Ramone College Composition I Prof. Loscano September 14, 2011 In Henry Louis Gates Jr. ‘s, â€Å"Whats in a Name? â€Å", Gates deals with a sort of life changing reality as a young boy. He recalls the incident from a time when prejudice and discrimination against African Americans was perfectly normal. Gates and his father went to the drugstore in town, where his father was the only colored person that could eat there out of the whole town. As Gates was eating his ice cream, his father greets Mr.Wilson and he responds by saying â€Å"Hello, George. † Gates then finds out that Mr. Wilson calls all colored people â€Å"George†. In my opinion, Gates said he never looked Mr. Wilson in the eye again, because he knew he was racist. He had a completely different opinion of him after the incident and didn’t want to look at him. Maybe because he disrespected his father in such a manner. He also could have felt intimidated in a way and was afraid he would f ace the same as his father.After a long pause his father told him, â€Å" He knows my name boy and that he calls all colored people George. † The author then realized that his father didn’t feel bothered by this. What I found interesting was that the Gates family was different than the other African American families in the town. They were treated with a mix of dislike and respect. An example would be them being allowed to eat where other blacks couldn’t due to Mr. Gates’ reasons and were of privileged status.Once the incident with Mr. Wilson had occurred the author might have felt ashamed or a bit embarrassed. Consequently, at the end of this essay there is a moment of silence when the author calls it â€Å"One of those things as his mother called it. † He described it as a seeing into another world where reality was bitter. The mood suddenly shifts into Gates talking about Jackie Robinson being the best at hitting better in a clutch than anyone. Overall I liked this essay cause of the details and its honesty. Whats in a Name? George Ramone College Composition I Prof. Loscano September 14, 2011 In Henry Louis Gates Jr. ‘s, â€Å"Whats in a Name? â€Å", Gates deals with a sort of life changing reality as a young boy. He recalls the incident from a time when prejudice and discrimination against African Americans was perfectly normal. Gates and his father went to the drugstore in town, where his father was the only colored person that could eat there out of the whole town. As Gates was eating his ice cream, his father greets Mr.Wilson and he responds by saying â€Å"Hello, George. † Gates then finds out that Mr. Wilson calls all colored people â€Å"George†. In my opinion, Gates said he never looked Mr. Wilson in the eye again, because he knew he was racist. He had a completely different opinion of him after the incident and didn’t want to look at him. Maybe because he disrespected his father in such a manner. He also could have felt intimidated in a way and was afraid he would f ace the same as his father.After a long pause his father told him, â€Å" He knows my name boy and that he calls all colored people George. † The author then realized that his father didn’t feel bothered by this. What I found interesting was that the Gates family was different than the other African American families in the town. They were treated with a mix of dislike and respect. An example would be them being allowed to eat where other blacks couldn’t due to Mr. Gates’ reasons and were of privileged status.Once the incident with Mr. Wilson had occurred the author might have felt ashamed or a bit embarrassed. Consequently, at the end of this essay there is a moment of silence when the author calls it â€Å"One of those things as his mother called it. † He described it as a seeing into another world where reality was bitter. The mood suddenly shifts into Gates talking about Jackie Robinson being the best at hitting better in a clutch than anyone. Overall I liked this essay cause of the details and its honesty.

Drivers Education for Students with Multiple Disabilities Essay

Students with multiple disabilities are those who are experiencing more that one form of disability. Disability may be mental or physical or combination of both that hinders one from performing various life activities. Such students require much care as they cannot fully do what is required of them with help from another person. Such students should be given helpful education that would enable them contribute to the economy. Drivers’ education for students with multiple disabilities is required for none of the curriculum has considered this during their planning and implementation. Research question The main purpose of the paper is to identify whether there is any need to have drivers’ education for the people with multiple disabilities to offer services in special schools and in public schools. Another aim of the research is to determine how this education would be offered and what type of disability would benefit from the drivers education. How effective would this education be to the disabled. Justification of the research Students with multiple disabilities cannot perform a number of activities an able student can perform; this justifies the research because there is a need to have to have the disabled contribute to the nation building and economy. Drivers’ education would be necessary for the multi disabled students for there are those who can drive effectively despite of the disability. Review of the bibliography The provided bibliography would help in providing a critical review for the research and will give enough literature as to whether this drivers’ education for students with multiple disability is needed and to what extent. Bibliography (Video)The Los Angeles Club of the Deaf Story. DeBee Communications, 6965 El Camino Real, Ste. 105, Carlsbad, CA 92009 Bowe, F. (1978)Handicapping America: Barriers to disabled people, Harper & Row, Disability and Chronic Disease Quarterly, Department of Sociology, Brandeis University, Disability Grapevine Online Newsletter. http://www. disabilitygrapevine. com/ Disability Studies Online Magazine. http://www. disabilitystudies. com/index. htm Gary L. (2005)Encyclopedia of disability, SAGE Publ. , Gary L. et al. , eds. (2006) Encyclopedia of Disability. 5 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Health Ethics, Policy and Law,† Cornell Journal of Law and Public http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=950878 Johnstone, D. (2001) An Introduction to Disability Studies, , 2nd edition, Kaushik, R. (1999) Access Denied: Can we overcome disabling attitudes ,† Museum International (UNESCO) , Vol. 51, No. 3, p. 48-52. Leonardi M; Bickenback, J; Ustin TB; Kostanjsek N; Chatterji S, and on behalf of the MHADIE Consortium (2006) â€Å"The definition of disability: what is in a name?,† Lancet 368(9543): 1219-1221 Mitra S (2006) â€Å"The Capability Approach and Disability† Journal of Disability National Center on Disability and Journalism. http://www. ncdj. org/links. html Paul T. (2005)Understanding Disability: Inclusion, Access, Diversity, and Civil Rights. Westport, CT: Greenwood Policy Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 236-247 Policy, 15(2): 403-482 http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=931703 Ruger JP (1998) â€Å"Aristotelian Justice and Health Policy: Capability and Incompletely Theorized Agreements† Harvard University, Ph. D. Thesis Ruger JP (2003) â€Å"Health and Development† Lancet, 362 (9385): 678 Ruger JP (2006) â€Å"Health, Capability, and Justice: Toward a New Paradigm of Ruger JP (2006) â€Å"Measuring Disparities in Healthcare†, British Medical Journal, 333:274 http://papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=934987 Ruger JP (2007) â€Å"Rethinking Equal Access: Agency, Quality and Norms,† Global Public Health, 2(1): 78-96 Sen AK (2002) â€Å"Health: perception versus observation† British Medical Journal 324:860-861 Terzi L (2004) â€Å"The Social Model of Disability: A Philosophical Critique†, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 21 (2): 141-157 Terzi L (2005) â€Å"Beyond the Dilemma of Difference; The capability approach on disability and special educational needs†, Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39 (3): 443-459 Terzi L (2006) â€Å"Beyond the Dilemma of Difference: the capability approach to disability and special educational needs† R. Cigman (ed. ) Included or Excluded? The Challenge of the Mainstream for some SEN Children. London: Routledge

Ancient Chinese Contributions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Ancient Chinese Contributions - Essay Example China can rightfully lay claim to numerous scientific discoveries and technological inventions which greatly enriched human civilization as these paved the way for global progress. This brief paper is a discussion and exposition of such ancient Chinese contributions to civilization. Chinese civilization had existed uninterrupted for several millennia and due to this fact, it was able to develop to such an extent that the ancient Chinese acquired or accumulated enough knowledge about the natural world and perceptive enough to make the right connections to make scientific discoveries based on their theories and hypothesis; the other useful connection was to make practical use of these discoveries through technological inventions and applications so as to make life easier for everybody. Theoretical knowledge was applied to everyday use and for this, world civilization has a lot to be thankful for because the discoveries and inventions of the ancient Chinese served as foundation for further scientific and technological progress to take place. Among the more prominent Chinese contributions are the compass, gunpowder, printing, paper, coal mining, pottery and porcelain, use of petroleum, sericulture, star atlas, and meridian. Based on the partial list mentioned above, the four most important contributions are the compass, gunpowder, paper, and printing. These four inventions contributed a lot to the progress and advance of world civilization as the use of these four discoveries spread worldwide. The four inventions can be considered as the most ingenious and innovative considering the great amount of knowledge, insight, and thinking that went into these four inventions and discoveries. Compass - its discovery was crucial to ship navigation and the eventual discovery of vast new lands and territories beyond the great oceans of the world. Although the compass was

Timeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Timeline - Essay Example From 1880 to 1884: According to Black, Herman Hollerith, an employee at the US census bureau got the idea and founded a punch card technology back then that was used to store information about people living in Germany. That is, perforated readable cards that could store details of each and every person such as names, gender, nationality and occupation (Black, 2001, p. 25). This was the year when the prototype was built of a counting machine that could store and use the data collected and stored in the punch cards. 1910 to 1923: This was when the US consensus changed and they stopped using Hollerith technology as it had some downfalls such as slow in speed and it was too expensive to maintain. The same year, Hollerith sold out his patented design technology to a salesman, Willy Heidinger, from a German established business company called Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft (German Hollerith Machine Corporation) or Dehomag. Hollerith sells his remaining shares of his business to Charles Flint for $1.41 million. There occurred an inflation that caused Dehomag from German to delay payments on their scheduled royalty. 1924 to 1933: Watson Thomas, a businessman propelled by Flint assumed the role of CEO of CTR and renamed Dehomag to International Business Machines (IBM) (Black, 2001, p. 44). January was the month when Hitler came to power and made a promise to create a Master Race, dominate Europe, and decimate European Jewry (Black, 2001, p. 44). IBM strategic alliance with Nazi Germany. In March, Hitler established a concentration camp whose inhabitants were political prisoners in Dachau, ten kilometers north of Munich. Willy Heidinger controlled 90% of Dehomag. In April there was a delayed consensus as Dehomag assisted the German Nazi government in ethnic identification. In October: Watson supports the move and travels to Germany where capital is also invested to precede with the Nazi project. An IBM factory in

Public Policy and Opinion Polls Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Policy and Opinion Polls - Coursework Example It should be noted that their views do not necessarily reflect those of the people but ought to, at least ideally. Policy content, on the other hand, is a result of actions and beliefs held by the political elite who birth political processes and set them in motion. Decision-making, political procedures and institutions are heavily dependent on the political elite echelon (Dye, 2010). The overall effect of this are laws which are meant to serve and govern the people but which they really have no say over. This is because national opinion polls, though dubbed inaccurate, on several occasions show a sentiment which differs from that held by those who stand for political process (Dye, 2010). This phenomenon is shows an antagonistic trend between policy content and the public. We ought to be concerned because political processes ought to have the interest of the common man as its central motive. This is true, at least on most occasions. A conclusion can thus made that political processes have a huge influence on decision making procedures, especially those concerning policy

Role of Private Sector Organizations in Education Essay

Role of Private Sector Organizations in Education - Essay Example This calls for infrastructure development, and thus huge investment. Despite rapidly increasing government expenditure in education, real expenditures per pupil are increasing. Property-tax relief efforts and calls for more equitable funding across rich and poor school districts have increasingly led states to pick up a greater percentage of education costs. Basic needs for today's market are3: Privatization could provide an appropriate response to public education offering opportunities both for reducing costs and infusing private-sector funds into the education system. Schools are struggling to raise money to maintain existing buildings and to build new schools in order to keep up with increasing enrollment5. Private-sector involvement in education can provide infrastructure, and this may be one of the more politically acceptable methods of, since neither teachers nor students are directly involved. Providing classroom space, buildings, or land, Furnishing or equipping existing classroom space, providing maintenance services and utilities, providing teaching programs, Managing schools or school districts, Negotiating management deals that include provision of infrastructure are some of the issues where private sector can contribute in education6. The emergence of diverse privatization responses to inadequate public resources, coupled with some legislative restructuring ( school choice and open enrollment plans) in public schools, can result in substantial cost savings. Public/private partnerships can increase saving potential, as an alternative to increased taxes and service cuts and in response to growing school enrollments and increasing costs7. In addition, the company may implement a smaller student-teacher ratio, continued teacher training, and increased use of technology teacher's salary and benefits, books, supplies, furniture, equipment etc...8 Another key area where private agencies can make significant contribution is skill training to help children who did not move beyond school education, to come up in life. Private sectors can give away grants and scholarships to deserving candidates. Business organizations can influence the quality of future workers and can encourage improved performance in several ways9: Executive programs, where corporate executives work in specialized areas such as administration, staff development, or resource management. Curriculum renewal programs, where corporate executives work with educators to develop curricula that reflects private-sector technology, standards and practice. Mentor programs, where professionals have linked with individual students. Donation of equipment to schools. Programs between business

COURSE WORK- CANCER RESERCH Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

COURSE WORK- CANCER RESERCH - Assignment Example Previously mentioned, the planned objective is to earn high profit by selling several types of products to the customers for donating the money to the needy people suffering from cancer. The actual results of the project report could be ascertained as that the Kungfu group bought certain products at the amount of  £224 and sold the same at  £304.7. Therefore, the profit amount realised to  £80.7, which was donated to help the sufferers (Kungfu Panda, n.d.). The differences between the plan and actuals could be defined as effective strategy based on which the predetermined objectives of a program are achieved within a specific timeframe (Grant net, 2008). In this regard, one of the differences between the planned and actual objectives relating to the group work can be apparently observed as getting the objectives to get framed initially and fulfilling the same with utmost priority. There are certain differences to be noted amid planned and actual objectives, as based on the plans derived, at certain times the desired purpose could not be made effective. To make the program i.e. the charity event successful, it is essential to motivate the people to purchase different products as offer by the group. In this regard, motivational theory is appropriate to encourage the people to buy the products that offer by the group, as this is deemed to be one of the easy ways of making the people to support the same (Berliner & Calfee, n.d.). However, one of such differences could be ascertained as the unwillingness of the people towards supporting the event due to having lack in motivation. Specially mentioning, one of the main products of the project can be apparently recognised as listing the selling of certain essential products to raise funds for donating to the organisation of Cancer Research UK. Such products include jelly, coconut juice, chocolate crisps,

CIS333 Week 8 Assignment 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CIS333 Week 8 Assignment 2 - Coursework Example It is also vital to bridge protocol in the organisation in case of an extreme emergency that would otherwise cost the groups dearly. The organization should have a means to prevent such attacks when they occur, for example, having a backup plan. Rooms with sensitive information like the server rooms should have steel doors and enabled biometric system to authenticate users to the room. They should also be locked with huge padlocks to avoid physical attacks by insiders. It is also necessary to have alert systems when there is any bridge being noticed in the organization. Implement as software that informs the administration in case power, for example, goes below the required amount. Failing systems are set with warning systems such as an imminent failure in the hard drives of the organization. It is also necessary to have corrective means to bring back a damaged or altered system back into its original course of action. For instance, the organization should have data recovery mechanisms in case of vital data disappearing. The history of any organization depends on facts gathered over time. Every process of the society is documented and stored as data. Such information is vital to knowing the organization’s current state, compare it to its past and to make correct future predictions. Data faces physical security threat where somebody walks into an office and transfers the information they want. Others break rooms to get these resources while others just need to be on the internet to access them. To maintain such data, we need physically to protect their locations. It includes the use of steel doors, heavy hinges and padlocks.It is also necessary to employ new means of identifying persons who have permission into these offices. We need to use biometrics to identify bonafide members (Bosworth & Kabay, 2002). Also, employ the use of encrypted passwords to unlock such doors. For instance using MD5, which is a very useful

Bad News Message - Revised Version Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bad News Message - Revised Version - Assignment Example I hope you can appreciate that we must draw a line in the sand when it comes to warranties of this type and remain committed to these restrictions. If we did not do this, our company would be inundated with requests for free repairs, which would prevent us from being able to provide the equipment that we do at the competitive price that we offer. We believe that any errors in manufacturing would quickly become apparent, and feel that offering a two year replacement window provides ample coverage for any breakdowns that occur due to mistakes on your part. Equipment of this sort, unfortunately, is subject to significant wear and tear, and it is simply impossible for us to make an exception in any one case, as this would make it necessary to make a similar exception each time this issue arises. We also offer extended service warranties on everything that we sell for a nominal price. If you are concerned about equipment breaking down, you may want to consider such extended coverage in the future, which includes a five year warranty, on-site service, and 24 hours a day, 365 days a year phone service Furthermore, because of the difficulty that you have encountered with this product, we are prepared to offer you a single-use discount coupon, which will give you a percentage off the cost of a new or refurbished piece of equipment I am sorry that I was not able to provide a refund or replacement to your equipment, and hope you understand my position in this case. If you are interested in pursuing any of the options listed above, please feel free to email me at albot.royal@compus.co, or call me at 555-555-5555. If you have any other questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact

Jean Piaget Essay Example for Free

Jean Piaget Essay Jean Piaget was born in 1896 in the French-speaking Swiss city of Neuchatel to an â€Å"agnostic medievalist† and a religious mother with â€Å"socialist leanings†. He became a professional in mollusk classification and was published in specialized journals. After a doctoral thesis on the taxonomy of Alpine mollusks, in 1918, and studies in psychology and philosophy in Zurich and Paris, he joined the Jean-Jacques Rousseau Institute of Geneva, in 1921. The Jean-Jacques Rousseau Institute was a center for research on child development and education. He later taught experimental and developmental psychology, sociology, and history and philosophy of science, mostly at the University of Geneva. From 1929-1967, Piaget directed the International Bureau of Education, originally established to coordinate educational information and research, and to promote peace and international understanding through education. In 1955, with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, he created the interdisciplinary International Center for Genetic Epistemology (which closed in 1984). After his discovery in 1912 of Creative Evolution, by the French philosopher Henri Bergson, Piaget became interested in the nature of life and evolution, although he rejected the Darwinian theory of natural selection and adopted the basic postulate of his later thought: the idea that the theory of knowledge and the theory of life are inseparable. One of Piagets earlier writings, from 1918, was called, Recherche, was an autobiographical novel and philosophical essay. In Recherche, Piaget sketched a theory of organic, philosophical , and social phenomena based on the idea of equilibrium between parts and wholes. Real-life dis-equilibria (within a society, for example, between individual and collective interests) tend toward an ideal equilibrium that preserves the integrity of parts and wholes alike. Piaget studied the growth of intelligence, by which term he meant chiefly the capacities, structures, and notions that make scientific thought possible. He described development as a sequence of stages from birth through adolescence. The stages appear at variable ages in different cultures and settings, but their order is invariable. This stage theory is one of the best known stage theories that describes four qualitatively different stages of cognitive development. These four stages are: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal. As the stages progress, the thinking of the child changes in ways that involve more than the addition of knowledge and skills. â€Å"According to Piagets stage theory, all the explanation and practice in the world will not help a child functioning at one stage to understand the ways of thinking at a higher stage. Piagets stage theory model describes how humans make sense of their world by gathering and organizing information. According to Piaget, â€Å"certain ways of thinking that are quite simple for an adult, are not so simple for a child†. In the early 1920s, Piaget came up with a â€Å"clinical method† that combined the use of items from intelligence tests, new problem-solving situations, and open-ended conversations with school-age children. He studied the childs language, reasoning, conceptions of the world, theories of causality, and moral judgment. Piaget considered the development of intelligence as a process of â€Å"socialization of thought†, and he attributed great developmental import to social interactions among peers and between children and adults. Piaget found that children at are at first â€Å"egocentric† (ie, experienced difficulty to take another persons point of view) and attached to concrete appearances but the children gradually moved away from egocentrism and became capable of thinking abstractly and logically. Earlier studies of children done by Piaget, studied mainly the content of the childs mind and took into account age-related behaviors. These studies that Piaget conducted concentrated on the main features of the childs â€Å"mentality† in doing these tasks. Piaget saw a different role for interaction. He believed that interaction encouraged development by creating disequilibrium – that cognitive conflict helped to motivate change. He believed that the most helpful interactions were those between peers, because peers are on an equal basis and can challenge each others thinking. As Piaget said, â€Å"to go beyond his current state and strike out in new directions†. In Piagets writing, The Construction of Reality (1937), he describes how basic forms of intentionality and the categories of object, space, causality, and time evolve, during the sensorimotor period, between the newborns reflex activities and the development of language at about 18 months. Piaget defined human intelligence as a form of adaptation that â€Å"prolongs organic adaptation and functions according to the same mechanisms, â€Å"assimilation† and â€Å"accommodation†. Piaget later termed his approach constructivist because he assumes that the concepts and structures of intelligence are successively constructed and reconstructed by means of the physical and mental activities which an organism uses to adapt to the external world. In Piagets later work, he created the idea or concept of mental development and the history of science as a process of â€Å"equilibration toward an increasingly larger capacity for assimilating the world†. Piagets work encouraged the belief that instruction must adapt to the childs developmental level, had direct impact on moral and science education, and also helped to inspire remedial procedures. Piaget continues to remain a major reference in developmental psychology, especially in educational psychology. It was Piagets research techniques, formulation of new problems, insightful observations, and his emphasis on the development of cognitive capacities that helped contribute in fundamental ways to shape the contemporary child and cognitive psychology. There are many ways that Piaget s theory of cognitive development and learning can be useful within the classroom setting. For students who are in the Preoperational stage (2-7 years of age), you should make instructions short-not too many steps all at once. As a teacher, it is also important to demonstrate actions and instructions out for students to also be able to visualize. At this stage, it is also important to have plenty of hands-on practice with skills such as cutting out letters of the alphabet so that the students can see the shape of them, and also use the letters to help form words. For students who are in the Concrete-Operational stage (7-11 years of age), it is still important to use visual aids and props when teaching. One good way to do this is with three-dimensional models that work and show movement ideas. Another good way to help teach students in this stage would be to read a story or book to the class and have the students personalize the story by asking them open-ended questions that would help to stimulate their thinking, as well as, help to stimulate their logical and analytical thinking skills For students who are in the Formal Operations stage (11years of age-adult), you want to continue to use concrete-operational teaching strategies such as charts, illustrations, more sophisticated graphs and diagrams. A good way to challenge and encourage students in this stage would be to give them opportunities to solve problems and reason scientifically by having classroom debates where there are two different positions on a subject. Another way to encourage thinking skills in this stage would be to have the students compare the experiences of characters in stories and movies to their own experiences in life.

Abortion, a Controversial Word in the US Essay Example for Free

Abortion, a Controversial Word in the US Essay Abortion is one of longest debated subjects in the United States. Everyone has an opinion on it. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus to end a pregnancy. Some are pro-choice and some are pro-life. Everyone has seen the protestors on sidewalks and in front of clinics with their signs for the pro-life side. We live in the United States, where we have the right to choose; therefore Abortion is legal. Some may still consider Abortion as murder, but still woman have a right to choose what they do with their own bodies. Pro-life group feel that the women should continue the pregnancy, have the child, and either deal with it when it is born or put it up for adoption. Pro-choice group feel that women have a choice to have an abortion if the feel like that is the right option for them. This paper will discuss the argument of Pro-Choice and why it is the best option for the United States. A lot of people may disagree with the Pro-choice status, but there are many reasons why a woman should have a say in what she does with her own body. Pro-choice is best option because it keeps abortion legal in the United States. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay Obviously, there are some restrictions set in place. 32 states require a parental consent for minor undergoing an abortion. The highest percentages of women who receive abortions are Caucasians, unmarried and within the age range 0f 20 – 25. The period of most received abortions is within the first 8 weeks of gestations. Most women have abortions because a pregnancy would drastically change their lifestyle and/or they are not in a financially stable place in their life. Most abortion clinics will not perform a procedure after 8 weeks. There is now a drug called mifepristone that can be taken orally that is an alternative to a surgical procedure and most women have opted for this. This drug must be taken before 7 weeks. There is a confidentiality agreement between patients and clinics that must be signed. Mandatory counseling before and after procedures are performed. Post abortion birth control methods are discussed and put in place so abortions and unplanned pregnancies can be prevented. There are different types of birth control or a contraceptive that can suit the woman it all depends on what is best for her. The different types of options available are male/female condoms, daily pills, injections, patches, implants, vaginal rings, or abstinence. All of these things come into play when women are making the choice. (Richard, J. R. , 1994) Women choose abortion for many reasons. These reasons could make their decision painful for them, but to them they feel like this was best. Abortion could be the best option for many reasons such as, rape, incest, or health issues. If a woman has been raped she should not have to carry out such a painful reminder of what has happened to her everyday. Incest could be viewed in the same way, not only that there could be something wrong with the child. As well as health issues, such as an ectopic pregnancy, this could be a life threatening pregnancy to the woman and/or the baby so the pregnancy should be terminated. All of these are reasons that a woman should have opted for abortion, but what if she just simply is not ready for a child. Does this make her a bad person because she opts to have an abortion because she is not financially stable or whatever other reason hinders her from carrying out this pregnancy? Women can be at various stages in their life just like men can be, and they may not be ready for their whole life to be changed by pregnancy and raising a child so they opt for abortion. There are many reasons women make the decision, but no one should judge them but themselves. Many people feel as though abortion is murdering a child. They feel as though the woman who has chosen to have the abortion has taken the fetuses right to a life. Most people who are pro-life feel very adamant about the abortion subject and feel like it should be illegal in the United States. A lot of pro-life people have religious beliefs that come into play when the make their decision to become pro-life. Religious groups and Pro-life groups will lead protests outside of abortion clinics that can make some woman uncomfortable because the force their opinions on them. (Douglas, D. M. 2002) These protests are a little extreme; a woman should be able to make up their own mind in a calm environment. No matter what the side everyone is entitled to their own view and opinion, but what it all comes down to is the woman’s decision and what she decides to with her own body. Pro-life groups and religious groups are using the Laci Peterson case as a pawn in the abortion debate recently. This was brought up in the debate because of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004. This means that a person who kills a woman carrying a fetus well into pregnancy, that fetus is treated as a human in criminal proceedings. This person would be convicted of two separate crimes, one of the woman carrying the fetus and then the fetus itself. This has been brought up in the abortion debate because why is this consider murder, but abortion is not. The answer is simple, abortions cannot happen after a certain point in pregnancy. The woman choosing an abortion is dealing with her own body, making her own decision. On the other hand in a violent criminal situation as the Laci Peterson case, there was no choice here, but a man killing an innocent woman who happened to be very pregnant and she did not make that choice. â€Å"To take away the woman’s right to choose could result in destroying the woman’s life, thereby ruling that the fetus is more important than the woman† (Planned Parenthood). This cannot be compared to abortion in anyway whatsoever. Abortion is such a controversial issue in the United States. It is almost like a cuss word that should not be brought up at the dinner table. It is always a hot topic for political and Presidential candidates. It is definitely something that is a complicated subject here in our society. Abortion gets so much scrutiny, but why. People have the choices to get all kinds of crazy plastic surgeries that puts their life in danger while â€Å"under the knife† so to speak. Why shouldn’t a woman have the option to do what she wants with her body? It is her body and no one else’s. Obviously there should be some certain humane ways to do these things and safety precautions, but if she is not ready for a child or for whatever reason is hindering her from carrying out this pregnancy it’s no one else’s business but her own and her doctor’s. Yes some may not agree with that woman’s decision, but it was her decision. People disagree about things all the time, and this will just have to be another. Deontology would solves this ethical issue of Pro-choice versus Pro-life. â€Å"Deontology is the study of moral obligation and necessity, finding the source of ethical correctness in the rules according to which one acts. It rejects utilizing the results or consequences of an act to evaluate an act as moral; thus it is a non-consequentialist theory† (Mosser, K. 2010. Introduction to ethics and Social responsibility. Glossary). Basically it means that this is what the person or woman feel she has to do, like she is out of options. Yet, utilitarianism could also apply here as well because if the abortions are going to bring about the greatest goods for the woman then it is best. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines the moral value of an act in terms of its results and if those results produce the greatest good for the greatest number. As consequential theory, it is contrasted with non-consequentialist theories† () Basically if the outcome will provide the greatest amount of good to everyone it affects then it is best. Emotivism could not solve this issue because the woman is a subject of judgment no matter which choice she chooses whether it be abortion or not. â€Å"Emotivism is the perspective on ethics that moral evaluations are merely expressions of approval and disapproval, and that ethics is constituted solely by these expressions† (Mosser, K. 2010. Introduction to ethics and Social responsibility. Glossary). Abortion is a heated debate that has continued across the United States and will continue probably for years to come. Pro-choice is the best choice for The U. S. because it keeps abortion legal in the States even f the controversy rages on. Women have a right to chose what they do with their own bodies no matter what their reasoning. They should not be judged for their decisions either. Their decision to have an abortion is for the greatest good or because they are out of options in their own lives. Therefore Pro-choice and legal abortion should continue in the United States.

Preventing tourism-related crimes: Strategies

Preventing tourism-related crimes: Strategies GAUGE TO PREVENT TOURISM-RELATED CRIMES PROPONENTS: ARINGO, MICHAEL CHRISTOPHER GUIANAN, AUBREY MANZANILLA, NICKO RABANO, JAYE CLARENCE SABAO, JASPER ADVISER: JIDDEH N. SELDA, MBA Introduction Growth in tourism has led to increase opportunities and incidences of crimes. These crimes happened for several reasons. First, tourists are lucrative targets since they typically carry large sums of money and other valuables. Second, tourists are vulnerable because they are more likely to be relaxed and sometimes careless while on vacation. Finally, tourists are often less likely to report crimes to testify against suspects, wishing to avoid problems or a return trip. Crimes are made by people who motivate themselves to create bad intensions. In order for the researchers to purposely maintain tourism in the country and to promote the magnificence of the Philippines, one must consider the security and safety of the tourist destination. Tourists must be aware of crimes. Crimes may happen in a bus, subways, hallways, airports, terminals, trains or tricycles. One common crimes in Albay is snatching. The study clarifies the different terminologies use: Gauge is an instrument or device for measuring the magnitude, amount, or contents of something, typically with a visual display of such information;1 Prevent means to stop (someone or something) not to do something or to stop (someone or something) from doing something;2 Tourism is the commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to place of interest and;3 Crimes is an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be persecuted by the state and is punishable by law.4 Statement of the Problem This study aims to know the gauge in preventing tourism-related crimes in Albay and it specifically answer the following questions: What are the tourism-related crimes in the Second District of Albay from 2012-2013? What particular areas are the common targets of tourism-related crimes in Albay? What are the ways to prevent tourism-related crimes in Albay? Scope and Delimitation The study focused on the gauge to prevent tourism-related crimes in Albay. The study focused on the selected municipalities and cities in the 2nd district of Albay, namely: Legazpi City, Daraga, Camalig and Rapu-Rapu. The study is concerned with the conflicts and problems as experienced by the municipalities and cities in Albay. Significance of the study Philippine national police – This study will serve as the basis of the number of crimes in the year 2012-12013. To maintain the peace and order. Community – The community, stakeholder, professionals, and the parents will find this study relevant in utilization of innovative measures along the crimes. Future researchers The findings of this study will be useful to the future researchers who conduct studies on the said innovations. The study also will serve as basis for future studies on innovation not in this study. Likewise, the findings can enrich the studies of researchers. Students- This study will help the students so that they know what are the dangerous areas in the 2nd district of Albay. And to east to enable them to prevent crimes. Media- This study will help the reporters to know some of the crimes that happen in each area. And it will also help them to their research problems. Tourist- This study will help for them to know what place they should not go. And also to know what kind of crimes often do to tourist. Present researchers- Introduction The tourism industry in Albay is one of the leading economic contributors in the country’s Its help our country to be one of the successful tourism industry in the world but one of the reason why our tourism industry was decreasing because of the crimes that happening in our certain place or destination, for example like a kidnaping, snatching, holdapping, sex tourism and etc. It’s happened in our beloved and successful country in the industry of tourism. And that is the disadvantage in our certain place or destination. We need to prevent or stop tourism crime so that the the tourist that came in our country or province will not be afraid to come and visit our destination. If the tourism crime decrease in our place it will one of the key to become successful contributors in our country. Despite of the economic distribution and contribution and opportunities that growth the potentials of tourism has been and still threatened by many factors such as poverty, crimes, killi ng people and unemployment. Albay is one of the beautiful landscape and natural attraction that you will see, but crimes is one of the threatened reasons that affect our province. As for now the tourism crimes in our province is low crime rate but to prevent it the community people in our province will cooperate to prevent tourism crimes, be aware to the people who does who are doing crimes like to do in our tourist. To decrease the crime rate all of the people in the community will help each other in stopping crimes like protect our tourist stop the snatching, kidnapping, sex tourism, poverty, etc, so the tourist will not take negative impact in our certain destination. Our topic is one of the interesting study that our province will surely recognize our study in gauge to prevent tourism-crimes in Albay. Vehicular- caused by or resulting from the operation of a vehicle, relating for designed for vehicles. By: Merriam-webster dictionary Man made crimes or human made crimes- human-made hazards can result in the form of a human-made disaster. In this case, anthropogenic means threats having an element of human intent, negligence, or error; or involving a failure of a human-made system. This is as opposed to natural hazards that cause natural disasters. Either can result in huge losses of life and property as well as damage to peoples mental, physical and social well-being By: Wikipedia Hold-up- is the crime of taking or attempting to take something of value by force or threat of force or by putting the victim in fear. At common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear. By:Wikipedia Kidnap- is the taking away or transportation of a person against that persons will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement without legal authority. This may be done for ransom or in furtherance of another crime, or in connection with a child custody dispute By: Wikipedia Cyber sex- Cybersex, also called computer sex, Internet sex, netsex, mudsex, TinySex and, colloquially, cybering or conversex is a virtual sex encounter in which two or more people connected remotely via computer network send each other sexually explicit messages describing a sexual experience By:Wikipedia Scam- A confidence trick (synonyms include confidence scheme, scam and stratagem) is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their confidence, in the classical sense of trust. A confidence artist, con-man (or con artist) is an individual, operating alone or in concert with others, who exploits characteristics of the human psyche such as dishonesty, honesty, vanity, compassion, credulity, irresponsibility, naà ¯vetà ©, or greed. By: wikipidia Thief- is the taking of another persons property without that persons permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it.[1] The word is also used as an informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, shoplifting, library theft, and fraud. By wikipedia Child Observation Study: Personality Development Analysis Child Observation Study: Personality Development Analysis Ivan Mitsko Observation Middle childhood is a time when children improve their motor and social skills and become more independent. During this period children experience steady and uniform physical development, they become taller, and gain more weight in faster rates compared to adults. In addition to physical changes children begin to develop their cognitive development and moral values. Due to advanced technology children watch a lot of inappropriate movies and play violent games and it is essential for caregivers to help their children develop proper behavior and self-identity. For this project I decided to observe my neighbor’s child who is currently seven years old. His name was David and when I observed him with other kids engaging in different games I could notice his level of performance of fine and gross skills. For instance, when we played soccer I could see that child can develop a good amount of force in order to kick the ball. However, his accuracy was a little bit off from expected pattern. On the other hand, he could easily improve his performance after he practiced the skill. This observation reminded me about the theory that children are fast learners and by practicing certain skill they learn to compete with others which is a useful knowledge in real word. ( compet. Judge) After observing David I realized that his interest in being active had an influence from his parents. I know George and Marta for over eight years and I can say that they are very outgoing people. They spend a lot of time outside participating in such activities as jogging, hiking, or biking. I believe that it’s a very good approach to educate children of all of the benefits of physical activity. Unfortunately, many children in this generation have sedentary lifestyle. As most of us already know the rapid technological growth might have some negative impact on many kids. For example, many children prefer to spend more time watching TV, or playing video games rather than being engaged in physical activity with peers. Due to this behavior children could develop psychological and physiological abnormalities when they grow up such as depression or obesity ( Bryant). However, in my case, David was very dynamic child and I decided to make most of my observation while he participates in sport activities with other kids. When the first time I observed David in the school gym I immediately noticed that he is very social person. All the interaction between other kids is a very important stage of cognitive development. During this time children learn leadership skills, regulate their emotions, develop self-efficacy, and learn to communicate, and handle different types of conflicts (lecture 11). This psychological aspect was very well described by Albert Bandura and his social learning theory. The concept of social learning theory shows how the child adapts to modern world as he learns the habits and norms of modern society. In other words, besides classical and operant conditioning children can learn though imitation or emulation ( cherry). According to Bandura, the social learning theory is a modeling which includes five conditions; attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. One of the main reasons of Davis’s active lifestyle can be described by attention. In order to learn something, a person must pay attention to a model that appeals him ( chery). George and Marta had a primary influence on David’s behavior because they showed that engaging in physical activity is fun and it has many health benefits. The other interesting psychological behavior I observed was self-regulation. During the game both teams had disagreements and some of the kids started arguing. I paid a very close attention to David’s behavior and noticed that he tried to suppress his feelings in order to avoid a conflict. He was very quiet at the beginning but then decided to speak up and solve the problem. Fortunately, both teams end up replaying a game which shows that self-regulation can help avoid violent behavior. According to Steven Stosny, ‘’ behaviorally, self-regulation is the ability to act in your long-term best interest, consistent with your deepest values and the violation of these values causes guilt, shame, and anxiety, which undermine well-being.’’ ( stosny) During this period of life David already developed complex emotions such as guilt, shame, or embarrassment. According to research, children have these complex emotions due to self-awareness that depends on parental reaction. In my opinion, one of the main reasons David didn’t get aggressive during argument is his self-awareness that parents will get upset and he will experience negative emotions such as guilt or shame (emotional development,santrock 350-351). On the other hand, I can think of Albert Bandura’s social learning theory and motivation. David’s parents thought him that physical aggression should be always avoided in order develop social stability and control over own emotions. I believe his motivation to avoid punishment helped him to suppress his feelings and gain control over negative emotions. In most cases children’s behavior depends on parenting style. During my observation I noticed that George and Marta practiced authoritative style. However, there can be some exceptions but I realized that in most cases they respect and encourage self-expression. Any time they have disagreements or any conflicts with David they always try to discus the problem and establish certain rules in order to prevent misbehavior. For instance, when David received ‘’0’’ score for his English homework his parents were very mad. Nonetheless, they didn’t use any power assertion but decided to use inductive techniques which help the child to understand his misbehavior. During that time I was in another room and I could hear the conversation about all of the negative consequences that might affect David if he is not going to prepare for his homework on time. As the result, George and Marta decided to use negative punishment and take away his x-box for the whol e week. The middle childhood is a stage of life when children begin to develop cognitive and emotional schemas. During this specific period of time they begin to understand and perceive moral values and reality; however, development of these values will have an effect on how well the child can succeed in society. During my observation I could clearly see how David’s parents helped him adapt social emotional learning. His friendly interaction with siblings, emotional regulation, and self-awareness are the primary indicators of his future succession. The last and the most important things I learned from this project is that caregivers are the primary people who responsible for child’s behavior. There can be many parenting styles and it’s hard to tell which one is better but teaching a child moral values and self-regulation is the most important goal in cognitive development. https://www.competitivedge.com/parentscoaches-guides-13-steps-being-winning-parent http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17444962 http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/sociallearning.htm https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/anger-in-the-age-entitlement/201110/self-regulation

Lucid Dreams. What are the possible benefits of lucid dreaming? Essays

Introduction Starting from the ancient times human was always interested in strange phenomenon of sleeping and especially in dreams. Dreams were described in different ways. For instance, dreams were explained psychologically like images of sub consciousness and feedback of neural processes in human’s brain. Spiritually, it was described like messages of god (C.S. Lewis, nd). Remarkable that not only human have ability to see dreams but several species of animals (Wilkerson R. 2003). For example, rat’s sleep is almost same as the human’s they have multiple stages of sleep starting from slow wave sleep to REM stage of sleep (Animals have complex dreams, 2001). Another fact is that living beings, including humans, have more REM sleep in younger age (Siegel, 2005). In summary, dreams are well known for strange, amazing and impossible thing to happen in them, but almost all people don’t actually realize that they are sleeping during the dream. To conclude, dream itself co uld be defined as the complexity of images and emotions that occur during certain stages of sleep ("Dream". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000). It is proved that dreams are linked with rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep which occur every 1.5-2 hours of sleeping and with time progress they become longer. The REM stage usually includes rapid eye movement, heavier breath, increased pulse rate and temporary weakening of muscles (Dream Basics: Understanding Sleep, 2007). It seems that dream can happen not only in REM stages of sleep, but it’s easier to remember a dream by awaking during the REM stage (Dement 1957; Kleitman 1957; Hobson 2009). It is noticed that if the person lives with emotionally rich life and his hormon... .... In addition, every person could use such dreams in practical life not only to gain motivation or overcome social frights by themselves, but also to expand artistic side, and even to develop physically. But, lucid dreams are not so popular, despite the fact that there is plenty of information about what is needed to be done to get ability of viewing lucid dreams, it means that advertisement is needed, so almost everyone will know about that in order to not miss a chance to touch with something that sounds such fantastic. Nevertheless, certain precautionary measures to prevent lucid dream addiction. Moreover, more reliable and affordable devices should be invented, because not everyone has needed amount of time to develop skill of lucid dream. Thus, based on the conclusion, lucid dreams have a great potential, and could give humanity plenty of positive benefits.

The Galvanic Skin Response :: essays research papers

The Galvanic Skin Response The simple psycho-galvanometer was one of the earliest tools of psychological research. A psycho-galvanometer measures the resistance of the skin to the passage of a very small electric current. It has been known for decades that the magnitude of this electrical resistance is affected, not only by the subject's general mood, but also by immediate emotional reactions. Although these facts have been known for over a hundred years and the first paper to be presented on the subject of the psycho-galvanometer was written by Tarchanoff in 1890, it has only been within the last 25 years that the underlying causes of this change in skin resistance have been discovered. The Tarchanoff Response is a change in DC potential across neurones of the autonomic nervous system connected to the sensori-motor strip of the cortex. This change was found to be related to the level of cortical arousal. The emotional charge on a word, heard by a subject, would have an immediate effect on the subject's level of arousal, and cause this physiological response. Because the hands have a particularly large representation of nerve endings on the sensori-motor strip of the cortex, hand-held electrodes are ideal. As arousal increases, the "fight or flight" stress response of the autonomic nervous system comes into action, and adrenaline causes increased sweating amongst many other phenomena, but the speed of sweating response is nowhere near as instantaneous or accurate as the Tarchanoff response. The most advanced layers of the cortex, unique to Man, link to the thumb and forefinger especially, and there is a further complex physiological response which occurs when the forebrain is aroused. Changes in Alpha rhythms cause blood capillaries to enlarge, and this too affects resistance. By virtue of the Galvanic Skin Response, autonomic nervous system activity causes a change in the skin's conductivity. The overall degree of arousal of the hemispheres, and indeed the whole brain, is shown by the readings of the GSR psychometer, which does not differentiate between the hemispheres, or between cortical and primitive brain responses. Higher arousal (such as occurs with increased involvement) will almost instantaneously (0.2 - 0.5 sec) cause a fall in skin resistance; reduced arousal (such as occurs with withdrawal) will cause a rise in skin resistance. Thus a rise or fall relates directly to reactive arousal, due to re-stimulation of repressed mental conflict. Initially this may cause a rise in resistance as this emerging, previously repressed, material is fought against.

Children in Blake’s Poetry Essay -- William Blake Poetry Poets Essays

Children in Blake’s Poetry The use of children is a prominent theme in a number of William Blake’s poems. It is apparent in reading such poems as, â€Å"The Lamb,† â€Å"The Little Black Boy,† and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† that Blake sees the world through the eyes of a child and embraces the innocence of the young. Blake’s poem â€Å"The Lamb,† from Songs of Innocence really illustrates the innocence and purity of a young child. The persona in the poem is of a young child. The child questions the lamb as to where he came from and asks, â€Å"Little Lamb who made thee? / Dost thou know who made thee?† (9,10) The child is expecting the Lamb to answer him but it is obvious to the reader that the Lamb can’t talk. When the child receives no answer, he decides that he’ll tell the lamb where he came from. He says, â€Å"Little Lamb, I’ll tell thee!† (12). The child says: He is called by thy name for he calls himself a Lamb; He is meek & mild, He became a little child; I a child & thou a lamb, We are called by his name. (13,18) The child really shows that his innocence here. The Lamb is being referred to as Jesus, the Lamb of God. The child is saying that that Lamb, Jesus and the child are all the same. What the boy does not understand, because he is a child and so innocent, is that the Lamb will be sacrificed, and the child will die, just like Jesus did when He was crucified. â€Å"The Little Black Boy† from Songs of Innocence is another poem that illustrates the innocence of children. The poem is written from the persona of a little black boy who has been told that being white is better then being black. The little boy says: And I am black, but O! my soul is white; White as an angel is the English child; But I am b... ...s parents have gone to church to pray. The child blames his parents as well as society for his present position in life and says: â€Å"And because I am happy, & dance & sing, They think they have done me no injury, And are gone to praise God & his Priest & King, Who make up a heaven of our misery.† (9,12) Unlike â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† from Songs of Innocence, the young boy in this poem realizes that he is going to die and that this is wrong. He blames God, his parents and society for letting this happened to him. Blake is still seeing the world through the eyes of a child in this poem, however, he is looking at it from a more mature or experienced point of view. Many of William Blake’s poems contain images of children and depict children as innocent and naà ¯ve. Blake sees the world through the eyes of a child and he shows this through his poetry.

To My Dead Homie

Indicate a person who has had a significant influence on you and describe that influence. My life changed in September of 2009 when I met my good friend Nate Thomas. It all began in the Halls of Roman Catholic High School. I had dreamt of the day I could finally wear purple and gold with pride and represent Roman. However, my first day of school was very different than expected. In middle school, I was used to being known by fellow students and teachers throughout the hallways, in the cafeteria and on the basketball court, but at Roman I had to start all over.I was in unfamiliar territory and in need of immediate guidance and friendship. On my first day, I was unloading books out of my locker, when a 4 foot 2 fellow freshman arrived at the locker next to me to do the same. We introduced ourselves and realized, regardless of our noticeable height difference, that we shared many things in common. From that moment, Nate became one of my best friends and someone I could count on for anyt hing. Nate was born with pulmonary tricuspid atresia, which basically means he was born with the complete absence of the tricuspid valve.Aside from Nate’s height, no one could tell he had a congenital heart disease. Nate was not only at every Roman basketball game, but could be heard cheering the loudest in the gym. He never once complained about his illness, but rather embraced each day as a gift with a positive spirit. When I faced obstacles or setbacks, Nate was quick to offer guidance not judgement. One of the biggest setbacks for me occurred on the basketball court. As a junior, I was excited to be an upperclassman and help contribute to a talented varsity team.However, to my dismay I was put on the Junior Varsity team. At first, I was discouraged, angry, and an overall miserable person. I thought â€Å"How could they do this to me? I had forever dreamt of being a member of the Varsity team. † My initial reaction of negativity and pity for myself is not something I am proud of as I look back on my experiences. After confiding in Nate about not making Varsity, he asked me â€Å"How much do I enjoy playing basketball and what was I willing to do to prove I deserved to be on the Varsity team? I realized that was his way of telling me to â€Å"get over it and work harder. † Nate made me realize that all obstacles challenge us and help us grow stronger whether it be mentally, physically or both. I ended up playing both Junior Varsity and Varsity my junior year because of my work ethic and drive to compete with the best. I credit this to Nate and his ability to make every situation a positive one. As I embark on my senior year at Roman, I begin to reflect on the person I have become today and continue to grow into.Nate’s guidance, advice and friendship is something I will never forgot nor take for granted. His genuine kindness and happiness is something I hope to emulate throughout the years to come. Some would say Nate lost his fig ht against this illness on August 13, 2012, but I think through his passing he has left an even greater legacy on us all and now continues watching over us and pushing us to live life with his same positive spirit and drive to be the best we can.As I look back on my 3 years at Roman and think about things I considered setbacks, I am able to see the bigger picture. Yes I was devastated about not initially making the Varsity team, but I now realize it was the bigger picture of not giving up and working hard in a positive way to achieve my goals, which was Nate’s advice. So while yes Nate and I were the same age and met as two Freshman on the first day of school, he was wise beyond his years and someone I call my friend, mentor, brother, but most of all my hero.

Critical Summary of When God Was a Woman Essay

In chapter nine of When God Was A Woman, Merlin Stone sought to explain the laws introduced by the Levite priests in Canaan that were put in place to prevent the worship of the Goddess. Members of the Hebrew religion were commanded to kill their own children if they worshipped any deity other than God. Stone argues that the laws put the men of the society in power, as it was not stated that the husband should be killed for worshiping the Goddess. The Levites demanded that every woman belong to a man, due to their distaste for any woman who was not a virgin or married, so they established the concept of sexual morality to restrict the females. Stone states that given the sexual freedom in the religion of the Goddess, the women had to be taught that sexual relations to multiple men was pure evil. Any sexually free women, or women who still worshipped the Goddess, were referred to as whores and harlots. Stone elaborates on the new laws of sexual morality, stating that a woman must only have sex with one man, her husband, while he could have sexual relations with numerous women. A woman could be stoned to death for losing her virginity or even for being raped, if she was already married. Stone says that only the husband could divorce his wife, and if so, she would be left with no material possessions. The divorce laws probably led to fearful women, forcing them to become submissive servants to men. I found this chapter of When God Was A Woman particularly interesting in comparison to the rest of the book. The more information I learned about the religion of the Goddess prior to this chapter, the more I wanted to know about the laws that governed women with the initial introduction of the male-dominated culture. Chapter nine kept my attention due to the fact that I was already curious about the sexual morality laws. The realization that I could have been killed back then for the beliefs I have today also kept my interest. Stone did an impeccable job with her organization of ideas. The chapter was easy to follow and to understand, and each idea seemed to flow with ease to the next. Looking back through the chapter, the only constant source I see her use is the Bible. Although this is a reliable source for the Hebrew laws placed upon women, I think that using other sources other than just the Bible would have helped in her overall objective of this chapter. Finding a source with the actual morality laws stated would have helped to further confirm the harsh reality of these laws. Other than this fact, I believe that Stone was very thorough in her description of the laws and the details she examined pertaining to the laws. I do think that Stone made reasonable assertions pertaining to the morality laws. Her use of bible verses seems to confirm her arguments about the laws. However, I can see partial bias in her writing. I can see how this can easily happen, seeing as she relates to the laws as she is a woman. I can sometimes feel the anger and disgust for the laws come through in her writing as certain tones are used. Despite her small amount of bias, I think Stone satisfactorily represents and defends all of her points about the morality laws. Most of what Stone exhibits in this chapter was new material for me. Although I learned a lot of information, what stands out to me is that fact that women could actually be stoned to death just for having sexual relations with men. This really grabbed my attention as I thought about how our society is today. Even though we still see sex and pregnancy before marriage as taboo, we have a certain level of toleration for it. It is crazy to think that years ago, many women in today’s society would be killed for their actions just because men wanted control over them.

A clockwork orange: chapter One Essay

One gets an initial impression of Alex and his friends from the first page: Alex says, â€Å"There was me†¦ and my three droogs†. Immediately this suggests that he and his friends are close, like a gang, and this leads on to the idea of conflict. The closeness of Alex and his friends is elaborated upon throughout the chapter. He frequently uses the phrase â€Å"The four of us† and, when speaking to Pete, Georgie and Dim, he says, â€Å"Oh my brothers†. Their close camaraderie is summed up on page six, where Alex describes it as being â€Å"usually one for all and all for one†. Then he begins to describe three â€Å"devotchkas†, whom one presumes to be members of a rival gang (the reader is told that Alex and his friends are â€Å"malchicks†). There is no brevity in Alex’s description, and he goes into detail when describing the clothes and make-up. It is likely here that Alex has a certain respect for these gang members, indicated by his lengthy description of their bright uniforms, and by the fact that he speculates on the large cost of these uniforms. But there is also a clear element of mockery. This is especially apparent in the sentence â€Å"These were supposed to be†¦ â€Å", with an emphasis on the word â€Å"suppose†. He is putting the credulity of the gang into doubt, debunking their claims. This is quite childish in some respects, and reminds the reader of his tender age. Alex and his â€Å"droogs† also wear uniforms, and Burgess describes them in a way that makes them unique to those four – by telling the reader what design each of the four had for their â€Å"jelly mould†, he is putting them apart from the rest of the world, giving them a uniqueness and style that no one else possesses. The uniforms are also a barrier between them and the rest of the world. This is also true of the â€Å"maskies† that the four often wear. As well as the more practical use of hiding their face from recognition, the masks separate the boys from the rest of society, making them stand out, and perhaps feel superior. Also, the outrageous costumes, to choose a better word, are a clear symbol of rebellion. It is ironic, therefore, that the boys wear them, as uniforms have always been associated with conformity. The language of the boys is the most successful at suggesting conflict with the outside. To begin with, the words are very harsh. Hard sounds, especially obvious with the many Ks, make the words infinitely more savage. The language used to describe other people is degrading: old women are â€Å"ptitsas† and men are â€Å"vecks†. The boys do not use this language when speaking to people who are not involved in gang warfare. To the man coming out of the library, Alex is polite and uses mostly understandable language. It is obviously because he is mocking the man, but it is also possibly because he would not understand (since it seems that he speaks normally). So this is their language, something they use to each other. This is a straightforward example of their conflict with the â€Å"outside†. But the language not only acts as a barrier between the four boys and the older members of society: it also acts as a barrier between the boys and the readers. For anyone starting the book for the first time, the words used are baffling, and it takes a lot of getting used to. What is more, Alex feels the need to explain what some of the words mean: â€Å"†¦ a rooker (a hand, that is)†. It is at this point that the readers become, in effect, a part of the society that Alex is rebelling against. We are on the outside. Finally, the language is used in such an extraordinary way, that it alienates us even further. It is in some instances quite chilling. Words like â€Å"poogly† are very childish; the best example is â€Å"appy polly loggies†, which is some corrupted baby version of the word â€Å"apologies†. It contrasts the stark violence of the book, giving it an even more savage tone. It is a strange mixture for Alex to use, reminding the reader that he is young. Plus, not only does it make the reader aware of the conflict Alex has with society, but also the deep struggle that is going on in Alex’s mind. 1. What impressions are we given of the society and the environment presented in chapter one? Use examples. (10 marks) The first impression one gets when reading about Alex’s world is what an absolutely seedy place it must be. The â€Å"Korova Milkbar† sounds very entertaining but rather run down, and one is informed that it is one of many â€Å"mestos†. Obviously it sells milk, but reading further on, one is told that this milk is â€Å"plus something else†, that something else being hallucinogenic drugs of some sort. It is then that one gets an idea of the depravity of the society in which Alex lives. Alex then mentions what he and his friends do to obtain money: either they can beat someone up in an alley and empty his pockets, or they can â€Å"do the ultra violent† on an elderly woman in a shop and steal the money from the till. One realises that, fairly obviously, something has gone wrong with the world in Alex’s time. Various violent and criminal topics follow, such as gang warfare and the description of a drug-induced â€Å"high†. It paints a morbid picture of a world in which violence reigns supreme, where there are no rules any more and society has disintegrated. This is backed up by the fact that any kind of law enforcement is not mentioned until later in the chapter. These â€Å"millicents† are obviously not important and Alex and his friends can easily outsmart them. So, in effect, there is no law enforcement. Early on, the only indication that some sort of legal system exists is the fact that â€Å"mestos† were not licensed to sell liquor (which does not seem to stop them any way). Another aspect of society that is not missing, but seems unpopular, is that of literature. Alex reports that â€Å"newspapers {are not} read much† – whether this is because of illiteracy or just lack of interest, one is unsure. The Public Biblio, which is the derelict-sounding municipal library, was something that â€Å"not many lewdies used those days†. Again, the reason why is not clear. Owing to the other â€Å"past-times† of the day, namely ultra-violent criminal activities, it is likely that nobody is interested in literature any more. This certainly fits in with the way in which Alex and his friends persecute a man just because they saw him coming out of the library with books in his hand. However, there are references to institutions that seem very active in the Alex’s world. The first is the health service. A â€Å"rozz† informs the gang that there have been â€Å"two hospitalizations†. The fact that the hospitals in Alex’s world are busy is blatantly obvious, due to the height of criminal activity. One is unsure of how efficient these hospitals are. In a State-run society such as this, one would imagine they were very inefficient indeed. The other institution that is still up and running is school. Alex himself tells us that he must go to school the following morning, and we later learn that this is a corrective school. Overall, the world in Alex’s day seems extremely bleak. Wherever Alex is, it is clearly a police state, where individual rights and freedoms do not stand for much. The older, and in some ways, unnecessary institutions, such as the library system and newspapers, seem to have lost appeal completely, presumably replaced by â€Å"worldcasts† and â€Å"Milkbars†. It does not sound like somewhere anybody would actually want to live.

Rhetoric Essay Essay

Rhetoric devices make persuasive writing very effective and more interesting to read. Studying rhetoric devices in English class, I have learned how to use and see these in effective writing. While some may argue that persuasive writing is not strengthen by rhetoric devices but by evidence, I certainly believe that rhetoric devices connect and deliver very strong persuasive writing to an audience. Rhetoric devices, mainly ethos, logos, and pathos, make persuasive writing very effective because they support and strengthen the arguments. Ethos is the art of connecting or appealing to an audience ethically. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Barbara Jordon are well known and have many supporters; therefore they are very credible, and many people would listen. Hundreds of people come to the speech and thousands more listen to it afterwards; these events, due to the size of the audience, draw more and more supporters. Being well known is very important because it gives a foundation and support to build on. Using facts, logos are very strengthening because it shows how some goals can be achieved. Barbara Jordon use of logos is one of the major reasons why the speech is. A perfect example of this is Barbara Jordon’s All Together Now speech. Being very truthful, Jordon is able to strengthen her argument and appeal to her supports. She shows that democrats have made mistakes and how racial segregation affected her life. She also is able to show that equality, regardless of gender, race, religion, or economic position, is necessary and how is transforms the country as a whole. Martin Luther King, although not as much a Jordon, uses logos to define his speech. Bringing a different view, he is able to convey how life would be better without the segregation. He tells about the dreams he has and says that it is possible to gain. Logos show the facts; however, it is not the strongest element when it comes to persuasion. The most effective of the rhetoric devices, pathos connects deeply to the audience by using emotional characteristics. Because it shows that the speaker knows and experiences what the audience does, pathos gives a very important reason on why the audience should support the speaker. Unlike Barbara Jordon, Martin Luther King uses pathos very efficiently throughout his speech, I Have a Dream. Civil rights activist, MLKJ gives the speech to increase the support for equality. Being segregated against and viewed upon as different, King is easily able to connect to his audience, who are also segregated against and viewed differently. In his dreams, King  tells about his children, however speaking as a whole community, he emotionally expresses that not only his children, but also the children of the audience should be able â€Å"live in a world where they are not judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character†. Using repletion, King shows confidence and how everything he talks about is possible. that Barbara Jordon also uses this technique by asking question and showing, like the audience, she does not know the answer to everything. She also shows this by showing the audience the effects of a national community, where everyone is equal. To sum up, rhetoric devices are crucial elements when it comes to persuasive writing. Ethos, logos, and pathos are examples of rhetoric devices that support and strengthen the arguments being made. Martin Luther King Jr. and Barbara Jordon both use rhetoric devices and are able to create very strong and effective speeches and bring more supports f or their cause.

Butterfly

Butterfly There is a man in my neighborhood that plays the bagpipes. He sits under his tree and allows his music to rise above the drone of the coming and going traffic. The song is Amazing Grace—the only song he knows. I am a musician; I have played the viola for nine years. But music can still amaze me. A brass tube with holes in it, costing $11.50, taught me that. A penny whistle. It could transport me to a place that was entirely my own. The first time I placed my fingers over those empty holes, my dog tilted his head in surprise at the resulting sound. Days later, determined to produce a pleasing tone, I wandered into my room while punching notes out on the way. Setting up my chair in front of the mirror, I sat down and watched my clumsy fingers try to learn a new dance. My mind wandered and I could hear my friend’s mildly accusing voice. â€Å"So why aren’t you going to the football game?† I hit a high, shrill note. â€Å"I dunno,† I heard myself say, â€Å"I’m too busy, I guess.† The second time the note sounded clear and deep. Here in my room, I did know. An unexpected calm trickled over me like a sticky-sweet syrup, slowly pulling at the worries that had cluttered my mind. I knew why I wanted to be here and not in a crowd of faces. My grandmother’s condominium overlooks the Ohio River. So it was surprising to see, nine stories above the earth, a burning orange butterfly pass by the window. It fluttered along lazily, as if not aware it was climbing above buildings created to place holes in the sky. The girl in the mirror smiled. My stress floated away; I felt content for the first time that day. After a little practice, the pitches began to march in harmony. Melodies poured from my little penny whistle. My fingers cautiously hammered out the notes that formed Amazing Grace and I was lifted above the commotion of the week. My friends may think I am a lost cause, but it is they who will never understand how wonderful the view is from up here.

The need of Shield Law in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The need of Shield Law in China - Research Paper Example In accordance to this, if the journalists are threatened they are free to file a petition in the court with respect to federal prosecution as per the guidelines of this law (Pavlik 189-192). THESIS STATEMENT China’s media censorship has often been accused or alleged to be vague. Restricting the transparent flow of information, journalists or the reports are also reported to be imprisoned if the government believes that the news or the information is to compromise political benefits in China. Focusing on these issues, the thesis intends to reveal the need and the importance of Shield Law in China. ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF SHIELD LAW Journalism in China represents a dominant as well as bias role played by the government with respect to media censorship. The problem related to journalism represents that the content as well as the communication of the news event to the general mass is staggering in the recent years with the emergence of increasing internet users (Schlesinger, â€Å" Challenged in China†). ... ersonalities acting in the chain of command of the governance system in China with the motive to stop the information from being conveyed to the general public. Thus, apparently, the prevailing situation within China related to journalism demands for a shield to protect the journalists and the informers from revealing any confidential information concerning the sources in a court under any circumstances (Schlesinger, â€Å"Challenged in China†). To be precise, Shield law represents the rules and the regulations that protect the reporters from being forced to unveil any confidential information in the court (Reporters Committee, â€Å"The Reporter's Privilege Compendium: An Introduction†). The implementation of Shield law therefore aims at providing a privilege to the reporters with respect to the disclosure of any information which can cause significant effects on the reputation of the other parties involved in the event reported. As the law states that a journalist or a reporter cannot be forced by law to reveal the information or the sources of the information, it is quite likely that influences in terms of restrictions from influential political parties will be reduced, and therefore, a proper flow of information can be maintained adhering to the rights of audiences to information. Shield Law further reveals that a reporter cannot be forced to testify the information that entails the news, sources and stories which directly or indirectly signifies the doings of a particular cohort. In addition, the implementation of the Shield law protects the journalists’ right to non-disclosure of information and sources of information even if the information has been revealed during dissemination of the story with respect to the source or information, on the grounds of

Emerging Business Themes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Emerging Business Themes - Essay Example The factors have influenced work-related divisions, sex roles, rivalry interdependency, as well as family size. Improvements in the areas of communication and shipping decreased the communal distance that gave the drive to artistic diffusion and thus to social change. Demographic issues have always been of significance to marketers. In the previous one decade, there has been a fast development of technologies in goods and service manufacturing, distribution, design, and individual use, which have contributed to changes in customer behavior. For instance, communication advancements such as the accessibility of wireless communications, personal computers, and internet, have altered shopping and consumption manners. In the United States vehicle industry, clients in need of a vehicle search carefully on the Internet before they visit a dealer. Marketing investigators have extensively used population data. Parameters like sex, income, age, and social class are sensibly nice predictors of consumer behavior as well as market associated activities in macro and micro perspective. The global population is rising at a rate of over ninety million per annum. The aging of the populace could be the truth that the proportion and number of younger persons are dropping fast. For instance, Italy’s population would change from eighty million to forty million (Smith & Taylor, 2004.p.243). The basic features of developing and developed nations will begin to differ in significant ways. Senior communities could have undoubtedly different wants and standards from the younger ones. Hence, while communication and globalization advancements are driving the globe towards union, demographic issues are going in the opposite way and could cause the basic split between the senior and younger countries, and wealthier and poorer clients.

The Legal Implication of Job Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Legal Implication of Job Analysis - Essay Example Task-oriented approach of job analysis states that the approach is concerned with the performance of the employees with regard to respective tasks assigned to them in order to measure their efficiency and accuracy for improvement (Siddique, 2004). Discuss the legal implication of job analysis The legal laws pertaining to employment in the United States are identified as title VII of the Civil Right Act, i.e. Equal Employment Opportunity Act (1972), Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) and American with Disabilities Act (1990). Civil Right Act states that the companies should frame its selection process in such a manner, so that there should not be any kind of cultural diversification and all the employees should enjoy equal rights and opportunities in a company. Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) reveals that the company should have a proper design and guidelines for their selection process so that every cultured individual can apply for the job available. American with Disabilities Act (1990) relates to the actuality that every company should reserve a certain number of vacancies or seats for the disabled individuals (Oregon State University, 2003). The case Wards Cove Packing Co. vs. Atonio, 490 U.S. 642 (1989), states that a few of the cannery workers belonging to the nonwhite community had filed a law suit in the District Court under Title VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964 against Wards Cove Packing Co for its ‘discriminatory hiring practices’. Furthermore, the court asked the company to â€Å"provide legitimate justification† for continuing the business process further. With regard to the referred case, it can be stated in relation to Johnson that the enterprise should not engage any form of favoritism in their recruiting process because such prejudices could lead to the collapse of the company (Scanlan, 2004). Discuss Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) and its impli cations on acceptable selection procedures According to the US legal law, Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) state certain principles which include the need for uniformity, purpose of guidelines and relation to prior guidelines. Furthermore, need for uniformity can be stated as the Federal government’s desire which is related to the unvarying principles considered in the selection procedure such as questions used in the tests and other selection criteria among others. The other principle, that is the purpose of the guidelines state that these principles have been formulated in order to serve every employer with the same principles. Moreover, the guidelines ensure that the principles are considered as a single set for assisting the employer, labour organisations and employment agencies along with certification boards to abide by the regulations laid down by the Federal government. Additionally, this principle helps to prohibit the practice of inequity i n the selection process such as race, religion, national origin and sex along with colour. Lastly, the aspect of relation to proper guidelines states that the guidelines of the selection procedure pertaining to the employees are based upon certain guiding principles (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999).